'Starting Tomcat v8.5 Server at localhost' has encountered a problem | Java e JSF 2 - III: Integração com CDI

Boa tarde

Estou tentando aplicar a estrutura deste curso a outro projeto. A parte de configuração toda é igual, porém usando Maven logo de início.

Quando tento dar start no Tomcat com este novo projeto rodando, ele abre uma janela com essa mensagem de erro e a seguinte exception:

GRAVE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/projeto]]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:939)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1419)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1409)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/projeto]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
    ... 6 more
Caused by: org.jboss.weld.exceptions.DeploymentException: WELD-001408: Unsatisfied dependencies for type EntityManager with qualifiers @Default
  at injection point [BackedAnnotatedField] @Inject br.com.dominio.projeto.tx.GerenciadorDeTransacao.manager
  at br.com.dominio.projeto.tx.GerenciadorDeTransacao.manager(GerenciadorDeTransacao.java:0)

    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.Validator.validateInjectionPointForDeploymentProblems(Validator.java:359)
    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.Validator.validateInjectionPoint(Validator.java:281)
    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.Validator.validateInterceptor(Validator.java:556)
    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.ConcurrentValidator$2.doWork(ConcurrentValidator.java:85)
    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.ConcurrentValidator$2.doWork(ConcurrentValidator.java:83)
    at org.jboss.weld.executor.IterativeWorkerTaskFactory$1.call(IterativeWorkerTaskFactory.java:63)
    at org.jboss.weld.executor.IterativeWorkerTaskFactory$1.call(IterativeWorkerTaskFactory.java:56)
    ... 4 more

ago 13, 2017 12:49:01 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
GRAVE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:939)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:793)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:656)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:355)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:495)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1419)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1409)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:947)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:872)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    ... 6 more

ago 13, 2017 12:49:01 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
GRAVE: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start.
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:656)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:355)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:495)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:793)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:167)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    ... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:947)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    ... 11 more

Observações:

Meu Eclipse se recusa a criar projetos Maven sem a escolha de um archetype, então usai o WebApp
Inicialmente ele apenas dava 404 nas minhas páginas (quando resolver o problema do Tomcat, voltarei a este problema).
Pesquisando online, algumas pessoas sugeriam dar um clean no Tomcat para resolver o problema do 404. Desde então começou a dar diversos erros.
Percebi que o projeto possuía erros com relação ao Dynamic Web Module e a versão do Java. Aparentemente o Maven criou o projeto como sendo Java 1.5 por algum motivo.
Mudei nos Facets pra Java 1.8, DWM 3.0
No Compiler eu desmarquei o Enable project specific settings
No Build Path eu removi o Java 1.5 e adicionei o 1.8.
Depois dessas alterações, o Tomcat começou a dar este erro.
Fui de volta olhar, e quando eu dou um update project no Maven, ele marca de novo o enable project specific settings e desmarca o Java 1.8 no Build Path (pelo menos não bota o 1.5 de volta).
O projeto da livraria, sem Maven, não causa este erro no Tomcat

Segue abaixo minha estrutura de diretórios:

src
\__main
   \__java
      |__br
      |  \__...
      \__META-INF
         \__persistence.xml
WebContent
|__META-INF
|  |__context.xml
|  \__MANIFEST.MF
|__WEB-INF
|  |__beans.xml
|  |__faces-config.xml
|  \__web.xml
\__paginas.xhtml

Segue abaixo, meu pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>br.com.dominio</groupId>
  <artifactId>projeto</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>projeto Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
      <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.jboss.weld.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>weld-servlet</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.3.Final</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
          <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.0.Final</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.primefaces</groupId>
          <artifactId>primefaces</artifactId>
          <version>5.3</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.primefaces.themes</groupId>
          <artifactId>all-themes</artifactId>
          <version>1.0.10</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>mysql</groupId>
          <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
          <version>5.1.38</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
          <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
          <version>5.1.0.Final</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.2.13</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
          <version>2.2.13</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <repositories>
      <repository>
          <id>prime-repo</id>
          <name>PrimeFaces Maven Repository</name>
          <url>http://repository.primefaces.org</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
      </repository>
  </repositories>
  <build>
      <finalName>projeto</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

O que posso estar fazendo de errado?

Obrigado!

Chegou a hora de transformar