Erro no Datasource

persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    version="2.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence
    http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="casadocodigo-dev" transaction-type="JTA">
        <description>Dev persistence unit</description>
        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
        <!-- java transaction api || JNDI -->
        <jta-data-source>java:jboss/datasources/casadocodigoDS</jta-data-source>
        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect"/>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>br.com.jpawildfly</groupId>
  <artifactId>jpawildfly</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <build>
    <finalName>jpawildfly</finalName>
  </build>
  <properties>
    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.faces</groupId>
      <artifactId>jboss-jsf-api_2.1_spec</artifactId>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.enterprise</groupId>
      <artifactId>cdi-api</artifactId>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jboss.spec</groupId>
        <artifactId>jboss-javaee-6.0</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.3.Final</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

A seção do standalone-full.xml que eu mudei:

<subsystem xmlns="urn:jboss:domain:datasources:4.0">
            <datasources>
                <datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/ExampleDS" pool-name="ExampleDS" enabled="true" use-java-context="true">
                    <connection-url>jdbc:h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE</connection-url>
                    <driver>h2</driver>
                    <security>
                        <user-name>sa</user-name>
                        <password>sa</password>
                    </security>
                </datasource>
                <datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/casadocodigoDS" pool-name="casadocodigoDS">
                    <connection-url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/casadocodigo_javaee</connection-url>
                    <connection-property name="DatabaseName">
                        casadocodigo_javaee
                    </connection-property>
                    <driver>mysql</driver>
                    <pool>
                        <min-pool-size>10</min-pool-size>
                        <max-pool-size>20</max-pool-size>
                    </pool>
                    <security>
                        <user-name>root</user-name>
                        <password>[minha senha]</password>
                    </security>
                </datasource>
                <drivers>
                    <driver name="h2" module="com.h2database.h2">
                        <xa-datasource-class>org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource</xa-datasource-class>
                    </driver>
                    <driver name="mysql" module="com.mysql">
                        <datasource-class>com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource</datasource-class>
                    </driver>
                </drivers>
            </datasources>
        </subsystem>

Olá Leandro, tudo bem? Esse erro é causado pela versão do driver do MySQL que deve estar configurado dentro da pasta com > mysql > main

O exercício que explica como configurar o module: https://cursos.alura.com.br/course/java-ee-webapp/task/25246

Ao invés de utilizar o driver "mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.jar", tente utilizar a última versão 8.0.12.

Qualquer dúvida estou à disposição.

Abraço!