Minha solução

@FunctionalInterface
public interface MethodInvocationExceptionHandler {

    public Object handle(Method metodo, InvocationTargetException ex);

}

public class ManipuladorMetodo {

    private Object instancia;
    private Method metodo;
    private Map<String, Object> params;
    private MethodInvocationExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;

    public ManipuladorMetodo(Object instancia, Method metodo, Map<String, Object> params) {
        this.instancia = instancia;
        this.metodo = metodo;
        this.params = params;
    }

    public Object invoca() {
        try {
            List<Object> parametros = new ArrayList<>();
            Stream.of(metodo.getParameters()).forEach(arg -> parametros.add(params.get(arg.getName())));
            return metodo.invoke(instancia, parametros.toArray());
        } catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
            return exceptionHandler.handle(metodo, ex);
        }
    }

    public ManipuladorMetodo comTratamentoDeExcecao(MethodInvocationExceptionHandler exceptionHandler) {
        this.exceptionHandler = exceptionHandler;
        return this;
    }

}

public class Alurator {

    //...

    public Object executa(String url) {

        Request request = new Request(url);

        String nomeControle = request.getNomeControle();
        String nomeMetodo = request.getNomeMetodo();

        Map<String, Object> params = request.getQueryParams();

        Object retorno = new Reflexao()
                            .refleteClasse( pacoteBase + nomeControle )
                            .criaInstancia()
                            .getMetodo(nomeMetodo, params)
                            .comTratamentoDeExcecao((metodo, ex) -> {
                                System.out.println(ex.getCause().getMessage());
                                throw new RuntimeException(ex.getCause());
                            })
                            .invoca();

        System.out.println(retorno);
        return retorno;
    }
}