Como eu fiz o exercício

ARQUIVO PRINCIPAL: string_extraindo_info_url/src/main.py

import re
from exceptions.exceptions import *


class ExtratorURL:

    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.url_validation()
        self.dict_variables_values = {}

    def get_url_base(self):
        base_url = url.split('?')[0]
        return base_url

    def get_value_variable(self, variable):
        self.extract_variables()
        if self.variable_is_empty(variable):
            raise VariableIsEmpty('O campo da variável está vazia.')
        elif self.variable_is_in_url(variable):
            return self.dict_variables_values[variable]
        else:
            raise VariableDoesNotExists(f'O parâmetro ou variável "{variable}" não existe nessa url')

    def extract_variables(self):
        raw_variables = url.split('?')[-1]
        variables_with_value_list = raw_variables.split('&')
        variables_list = tuple(map(lambda x: x.split('=')[0], variables_with_value_list))
        values_list = tuple(map(lambda x: x.split('=')[1], variables_with_value_list))
        for i, j in enumerate(variables_list):
            key = variables_list[i]
            value = values_list[i]
            self.dict_variables_values[key] = value

    def url_validation(self):
        if not self.url:
            raise URLIsEmpty('Url está vazia')
        else:
            self.sanitization_url()
            url_pattern = re.compile('(http(s)?://)?(www.)?bytebank.com(.br)?/cambio')
            match = url_pattern.match(url)
            if not match:
                raise InvalidURL('A URL é inválida')

    def sanitization_url(self):
        self.url = self.url.strip()

    def variable_is_in_url(self, variable):
        return variable in self.dict_variables_values.keys()

    def variable_is_empty(self, variable):
        return len(variable.strip()) == 0

    @property
    def parameters(self):
        self.extract_variables()
        return self.dict_variables_values.keys()

    @property
    def values(self):
        self.extract_variables()
        return self.dict_variables_values.values()

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.url)

    def __str__(self):
        return f'URL: {self.url}\n' \
               f'Variables: {self.parameters}\n' \
               f'Values: {self.values}\n' \
               f'URL Base: {self.get_url_base()}'

    def __eq__(self, other_extractor):
        return self.url == other_extractor.url

if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = 'https://bytebank.com/cambio?moedaOrigem=real&moedaDestino=dolar&quantidade=100'
    empty_url = ''
    extractor = ExtratorURL(url)
    extractor2 = ExtratorURL(url)
    print(extractor)
    print(f'Tamanho: {len(extractor)}')
    print(f'Valor do parâmetro "quantidade": {extractor.get_value_variable("quantidade")}')
    print(f'Is the extractor equal to extractor2 ? {extractor==extractor2}')

ARQUIVO DE EXCESSOES: string_extraindo_info_url/exceptions/exceptions.py

class URLIsEmpty(Exception):
    pass

class VariableDoesNotExists(Exception):
    pass

class VariableIsEmpty(Exception):
    pass

class InvalidURL(Exception):
    pass