SecurityConfigurations:

package br.com.alura.forum.config.security;

import br.com.alura.forum.repository.UsuarioRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

@EnableWebSecurity
@Configuration
@Profile(value = {"prod", "test"})
public class SecurityConfigurations extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private AutenticacaoService autenticacaoService;

    @Autowired
    private TokenService tokenService;

    @Autowired
    private UsuarioRepository usuarioRepository;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Override
    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

    //Configurações de autenticação
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(autenticacaoService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }

    //Configurações de autorização
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/topicos").permitAll()
                .antMatchers( "/h2-console/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/topicos/*").permitAll()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/auth").permitAll()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/actuator/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.DELETE, "/topicos/*").hasRole("MODERADOR")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().csrf().disable()
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and().addFilterBefore(new AutenticacaoViaTokenFilter(tokenService, usuarioRepository), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
        http.headers().frameOptions().disable();
    }

    //Configurações de recursos estáticos (js,css)
    @Override
    public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
        web.ignoring()
                .antMatchers("/**.html", "/v2/api-docs", "/webjars/**", "/configuration/**", "/swagger-resources/**");
    }


}

application-prod.properties:

# datasource
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:alura-forum
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=

# jpa
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true

# Nova propriedade a partir da versao 2.5 do Spring Boot:
spring.jpa.defer-datasource-initialization=true

# h2
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console
spring.h2.console.settings.web-allow-others=true

# jwt
forum.jwt.secret=rm'!@N=Ke!~p8VTA2ZRK~nMDQX5Uvm!m'D&]{@Vr?G;2?XhbC:Qa#9#eMLN\}x3?JR3.2zr~v)gYF^8\:8>:XfB:Ww75N/emt9Yj[bQMNCWwW\J?N,nvH.<2\.r~w]*e~vgak)X"v8H`MH/7"2E`,^k@n<vE-wD3g9JWPy;CrY*.Kd2_D])=><D?YhBaSua5hW%{2]_FVXzb9`8FH^b[X3jzVER&:jw2<=c38=>L/zBq`}C6tT*cCSVC^c]-L}&/
forum.jwt.expiration=86400000

# actuator
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
info.app.name=@project.name@
info.app.description=@project.description@
info.app.version=@project.version@
info.app.encoding=@project.build.sourceEncoding@
info.app.java.version=@java.version@

#  spring boot admin server
spring.boot.admin.client.url=http://localhost:8081

Obs: tive que colocar sem as variáveis de ambiente e coloquei diretamente nas propriedades de prod, porque estava dando conflito.

Link do projeto: https://github.com/matheuscarvalheira/Spring-Boot-API-REST

Consegui fazer rodar o docker run, porém é como se ele não visse o insert do data.sql mesmo pegando os valores do properties:

Oi Matheus,

Seu arquivo data.sql está com a letra D em maiúsculo. Deixa o nome do arquivo todo em minúsculo para testar se esse é o problema.

Rodei o: docker run -p 8080:8080 -e SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE='prod' alura/forum, e ajeitei o arquivo data.sql. Era esse erro besta mesmo! O D maiúsculo! Agora o banco foi populado e agora ele está retornando.

Muito obrigado professor!