ListView customizada dentro de um Fragment

Boa Tarde galera

Consegui resolver meu problema da seguinte maneira:

Passo 1: Crie o layout da ListView (cars_fragment.xml)

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/cars_list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

Passo 2: Crie agora o layout do item da lista (item_cars_list.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:background="@android:color/transparent"
    android:padding="15dp"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

   <ImageView
      android:id="@+id/car_image"
      android:layout_width="48dp"
      android:layout_height="48dp">

    <TextView
     android:id="@+id/car_name"
     android:layout_width="wrap_content"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Passo 3: Crie um adapter customizado

public class CarsAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Car> {

    private Context context;
    private List<Car> cars = null;

    public CarsAdapter(Context context,  List<Car> cars) {
        super(context, 0, cars);
        this.cars = cars;
        this.context = context;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup parent) {
        Car car = cars.get(position);

        if(view == null)
            view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_cars_list, null);

        ImageView carImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.car_image);
        carImage.setImageResource(car.getImagem());

        TextView carName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.car_name);
        carName.setText(car.getNome());

        return view;
    }
}

Passo 4: Inflando a ListView no Fragment

 @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(
            @NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
            @Nullable ViewGroup container,
            @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Observe que o primeiro argumento do inflate é o layout com a ListView que criamos no primeiro passo
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.cars_fragment, container, false);

        // Aqui você instancia sua ListView
        ListView carsList = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.cars_list);
        List<Car> cars = null; // Obtenha sua lista de objetos aqui

        CarsAdapter carsAdapter = new carsAdapter(getActivity(), cars);
        carsList.setAdapter(carsAdapter);
        return view;
    }

Fonte: https://pt.stackoverflow.com/questions/336250/como-criar-um-listview-customizado-dentro-de-um-fragment/336277#336277

Testei aqui e tudo funcionou corretamente, fica a resposta caso alguém tenha algum problema parecido no futuro.

Obrigado.