Assim como tive algumas dificuldades com a configuração do pom.xml, acredito que outras pessoas também estejam passando pelo mesmo problema, então vou compartilhar a solução que encontrei. Inicialmente, tentei usar o MySQL 8 e como não queria instalar o MY SQL 5, fiz um teste com o MariaDB e funcionou.
Segue pom.xml com as dependências que estou usando:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.casadocodigo</groupId>
<artifactId>casadocodigo</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<build>
<finalName>casadocodigo</finalName>
</build>
<properties>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>5.1.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0.30</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>5.4.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.4.18.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mariadb.jdbc/mariadb-java-client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
<artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
<version>2.6.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Configuração da classe JPAConfiguration
dataSource.setDriverClassName("org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3307/casadocodigo");
dataSource.setUsername("root"); //>> Usuário do banco
dataSource.setPassword("senhadoBanco");
factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
Properties props = new Properties();
//props.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect");
props.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MariaDBDialect");
props.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
props.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");