Dependências:

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
        <artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
        <version>4.2.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
        <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0</version>
    </dependency>

@Autowired private SecurityFilter securityFilter;

@Bean
public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    return http.csrf().disable()
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
            .and().authorizeHttpRequests()
            .requestMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/login").permitAll()
            .requestMatchers("/v3/api-docs/**", "/swagger-ui.html", "/swagger-ui/**").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and().addFilterBefore(securityFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
            .build();
}

O código estava correto desde o principio, aparentemente era algum bug do intelli j que estava impedindo que a requisição fosse acessada!